Which statement accurately describes the change in cell types at the transformation zone?

The transformation zone is an area of the cervix where the columnar epithelial cells lining the endocervical canal undergo a transition to squamous epithelial cells that line the ectocervix. This transition is known as squamous metaplasia and is a normal physiological process influenced by factors such as hormonal changes, particularly during puberty and pregnancy. In this process, squamous cells gradually replace the columnar cells, leading to a predominance of squamous cells in the transformation zone.

This dynamic change is vital for understanding the cervical environment, as it is also where the majority of cervical changes, such as those related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, occur. The increase in squamous cells is an important aspect of cervical health and disease prevention strategies, especially in the context of cervical screening programs.

The other options do not accurately reflect the biological processes occurring in the transformation zone. Columnar cells do not increase, as they are being replaced by squamous cells. Cuboidal cells are not the predominant type at any stage of this transition, and the statement that both cell types remain constant is also incorrect, as there is a significant and discernible change occurring during this process.