What substances are produced by the ovaries?

The ovaries play a crucial role in the female reproductive system, actively producing several key substances. Among them are estrogen, which is a primary hormone responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle. The ovaries also produce ovum (eggs), which are the female gametes necessary for reproduction. While testosterone is primarily known as a male hormone, it is also produced in small amounts by the ovaries; thus, they do contribute to the overall hormone balance in females.

Given that the ovaries are responsible for producing estrogen, ovum, and small amounts of testosterone, the comprehensive answer is that all of these substances are indeed produced by the ovaries. This underscores the multifaceted roles the ovaries play in not just egg production but also hormonal regulation, which are essential for reproductive health and other physiological functions.