In which of the following conditions is high volume nocturia common?

High volume nocturia is commonly associated with conditions that lead to fluid overload or impaired renal function, particularly those that affect fluid balance during the night.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is characterized by the body's inability to effectively pump blood, leading to fluid accumulation in tissues (edema) and ultimately affecting renal perfusion. This can result in increased urine production at night, especially when a person lies down, allowing fluid from the lower extremities to be mobilized back into circulation and subsequently filtered by the kidneys.

Nephrotic Syndrome, on the other hand, involves significant proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, which can lead to fluid retention and edema. Similar to CHF, the release of excess fluid while lying down can also result in increased nocturnal urination.

Together, both CHF and Nephrotic Syndrome contribute to the phenomenon of high volume nocturia, as they create conditions that encourage the kidneys to produce more urine when the body is in a recumbent position at night. This is the rationale for the selection of the combined option, recognizing that both conditions share this common complication.